The UKCorruption does not represent a constraint to doing business in the United Kingdom, and companies are very unlikely to be put in a situation where bribery is needed. Despite some isolated instances of abuse of administrative power, the UK manages to promote high ethical standards in public services. The UK Bribery Act establishes liability for corruption offences committed anywhere in the world, including bribery between businesses and of foreign public officials. It also introduces a liability offence for companies that fail to prevent bribery committed by representatives, which can be avoided only by implementing preventive anti-corruption policies and procedures. There is no distinction made between bribery and facilitation payments, and gifts and hospitality can be considered illegal depending on the intent and benefit obtained. The UK has a strong legal framework for fighting bribery at home and abroad, and the agencies tasked with fighting corruption are efficient and independent.
SlovakiaAccording to the US Department of State 2013, the lack of transparency and reliability of the Slovakian regulatory environment creates an uncertain investment climate, and foreign investors have complained of inefficient law enforcement. Leadership at government offices is prone to changes as a result of political pressure to influence specific regulations. Problems can be expected when purchasing land and obtaining construction permits. Many investors consider these procedures to be time consuming and unreliable. The Cadastral Portal provides property information online, include ownership verification.
According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014, inefficient government bureaucracy, restrictive labour regulations and policy instability rank among the top obstacles for doing business. However, Slovakia has implemented some reforms in order to make it easier to start up a business. Trade licensing offices offer one-stop-shops for trade licenses, income tax registration and health insurance registration.
According to the US Department of State 2013, business executives consider the judicial system to be extremely corrupt, leading companies to make an effort to avoid the courts. Slovakia is a signatory to the International Centre for Settling International Disputes (ICSID), the World Bank’s Commercial Arbitration Tribunal and the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitrage Awards. Property and contractual rights are generally enforceable in the courts, but the process may take years, limiting the effectiveness of proper dispute resolution. Access the Lexadin World Law Guide for a collection of legislation in Slovak Republic.