Metsfanmax wrote:
Second, it's just intuitive. It seems like the burden of the proof is on those arguing that if we have twice as many people, we don't double our chances of having another Einstein.
I don't think we have any trouble having another Einstein. I'm sure we've had thousands of Einsteins. It's just that we only need one; the others are redundant.
We have this emotional need to celebrate someone as the "originator" but it rarely works like that. Usually there are dozens or possibly thousands of people working along the same lines, all capable of finding the answer, and it's pretty much a lottery draw which one finishes first.
Hundreds of engineers were independently working on how to make steel more efficiently, mostly along one of three basic ideas. Bessemer just happened to not only have great success with his system but also had the business connections to be able to upscale it right away. Today we call it the Bessemer converter, but if Bessemer had contracted tuberculosis and died in childhood, somebody else would have had the same success. Maybe there would have been a delay of a few weeks because alternate-reality Bessemer was a little slower than the main-reality version, but it would have made little difference in history overall. Once the economy demonstrates a need for something, someone will find a way to fill it.
Pure science is a little slower than applied science, because there's no immediate need for the new ideas, so there's no big pressure to complete the work. Nonetheless, the principles are the same, they just work a little slower. Genetic manipulation went from theory to practise in five years because there was immediate commercial application for the theory. Quantum physics took a little longer, because until we started pushing the boundaries of how small and how fast an electronic switch can be, nobody really needed to know the exact position of an electron, it was just idle curiosity. Still, sooner or later the discoveries would have been made.
People idly thought about computers for centuries. It's amazing how fast, once the competitive pressure of WWII was upon us, they became reality.
People speak awestruck about DaVinci foreseeing the helicopter, but it's no great feat to me. I'm sure that since Archimedes there were a thousand or a million people who happened to think about the fact that Archimedes' screw could propel gasses as well as liquids, and could be used to lift a load off the ground. Until the 20th century there weren't high powered compact engines that could do it, so most of those dreamers went on to more practical pursuits, but if the circumstances had existed, any of them could have done it.